- Locomotion : ability of a whole organism to move from one place to another.
- Movement : A change in the position of any part of the body BUT it doesnt mean it involves locomotion.
- Us, humans have soft, collapsible tissues which need to be supported and to be held in a rigid frame.
- SKELETON is the framework that supports us.
There are three types of skeleton that support living things ;
- Hydostatic skeleton.
- Exoskeleton.
- Endoskeleton.
HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
- Organisms that have a soft body.
- Their body consist of internal fluid (liquid) between the confined spaces of the body.
- The fluid, is held underpressure in compartments that are SURROUNDED <- remember that by the muscles.
- Liquid cant be shaped therefore that is why it forms a skeleton which CANT BE COMPRESSED.
- makes the body rigid so muscle can act against it.
- examples heh heh : Jelly fishes, earthworms, Hydra
EXOSKELETON
- Insects and arthropods have this type of skeleton in their body. THEY SENANG MATI THAT IS WHY ITS EX-Oskeleton. Get it? EX. X. X_X <- mati.
- SUPPORTS AND PROTECT INTERNAL BODY ORGANS FROM DAMAGE.
- Dah support so that means, the organism is ABLE to MOVE AROUND FROM PLACE TO PLACE.
- Exoskeleton/cuticle = COVERS the surface of the body.
- CUTICLE, has wax ; Prevent from water loss.
- EXOSKELETON is flexible & thin at the joints (ingat ha praying mantis tu slim je, so.. go figure)
- by right, exoskeleton cant increase in size.
- IF the animal's growing it has to shed their exo periodically through ECDYSIS.
EXOSKELETON
- USUSUSUUSUSUS. US.
- made of bones and cartilage, muscles r attached.
- Functions ;
- Maintaining body shape.
- Protect internal organs.
- Support soft tissues.
TEST YOUR MEMORY TYPE IT AGAIN.
What's the function of have an endoskeleton? O-well..
- It is to support the soft tissues, protect your internal organs, maintains the shape. Oo~ slim and slender ehe.
That was just the basic :(
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Problems faced in support and Locomotion :
- burung terbang tu, ha kena la ada gravitational pull. i mean, enough.
- and fish tu? ha. kena swim underwater. HOW to they do that? ha hah ah.
- Waterlily? dia float. HOW?
- search for it la'er
SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION ENDOSKELETON IN DETAIL!
- Yang tulang macam atas tu, yang dekat collar bone tu, mm its called clavicle.
- yang dekat ketiak tu, its called scapula.
- vertebral collum is your backbone.
- pelvic girdle to hip la. HIPS DONT LIE - PELVIC GIRDLE.
- THORAX - contains sternum (tempat tarzan tepuk diri dia tu) and ribs.
- yang tangan tempat muscle tu, humerus. humorous. get it? IM SUPPOSED TO BE SKINNY BUT MY ARMS ARE BIG.. SO ITS HUMERUS. HAHA.
- Dekat tangan. yang hujung jari = phalanges. dekat wrist? not to sure - carpals. then radius. ulna
- Lower limb = kaki ;
- femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
welcome to the real world now.. that was just a warm up
- nose, ears, the soft discs between the vertebrae are just cartilage.
- skeleton has two
-appendicular skeleton
AXIAL SKELETON
SKULL, VERTEBRAL COLLUM, STERNUM, RIBS.
SKULL
- 8 cranial
- 14 facial
= 22 bones.
- Cranial bones protect the brain ( got sutures)
- Facial bones protect and supports the entrace (mouth, makan guna mulut so entrance ah) digestive and respiratory system.
- bones make up the skull are held up by tadaa, sutures.
- he lower jaw is the only movable part.
RIBS AND STERNUM ( thoracic cage)
- got 12 ribcage.
- thoracic cage encloses and protects the organs in the thoracic cavity and upper abdominal cavity.sternum is flat, narrow bone, located at the centre. (tarzan go AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH~)
Ok ni last, then sleeping time -
VERTEBRAL COLLUM
- overall got 33 bones.
- it is also called the spine/backbone.
- functions
- encloses and protect spinal cord
- dia unite ribs, pelvic girdle and muscles at the back.
- 7 cervical vertebrae (neck region)
- 12 thoracic vertebrae (upperback)
- 5 lumbar vertebrae(lowerback)
- 5 sacral ver (sacrum) ( bila buat sit ups tulang ni ha yang sakit)
- 4 caudal ver. (coccyx)
cervical, thoracic and lumbar - movable. others arent movable.
- in between the vertebrae got intervertebrae discs , permits various movements and absorb shock. made up of cartilage.
OK TOMORROW BACA NI CEPAT CEPAT. then habis kan locomotion.
