LET'S ALL BE FAKE BY FAKING A SMILE.

Ha, sometimes I wonder. What's the beauty of cursing?　Ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇ．　Ｙｏｕ　ｇａｉｎ　ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇ　ｂｕｔ　ｓｉｎｓ．Ｄｏｎ＇ｔ　ａｓｋ　ｍｅ　ｗｈｙ＇ｓ　ｍｙ　ｆｏｎｔ　ｌｉｋｅ　ｔｈｉｓ．　Ｉ　ｈａｖｅ　ｎｏ idea honestly. It's back to normal now.ｌｏｌ．　Ｔｈｉｓ　ｉｓ　ｆｕｎｎｙ．　ＪＵＳＴ IGNORE　ＭＹ　FONT　ＯＫ？

Ｂａｃ可　ｔｏ弹劾立刻撒旦就阿卢萨卡打击啊离开苏丹家Ｉ个　ｕｐ

Form 4. Chapter 7. Respiration.

TWO.

External respiration

Internal respiration

What's external respiration? Oh don't bother looking at at book. RECALL.

- it is a chemical process, where it Maintains the continuous exchange of gasses between the respiratory surfaces of the organism and its environment.

What's Internal respiration? It is also known as the cellular respiration.

- it is a biochemical process, which Energy is made available to all living cells. Ye lah. Akan dead cells nak energy. They are DEAD. This process involves the oxidation of organic molecules.

Repeat.

It is a biochemical process which energy are made available to all living cells. The oxidation of organic molecules is involved. to release chemical energy stored between these molecules.

Energy released is not used directly.

Main substrate for cellular respiration is glucose (digestion of carbohydrates)

NI SEMUA DALAM CELLULAR RESPIRATION TAU.

- it is also known as aerobic respiration.

- This process needs continuous supply of oxygen frm the air or water surroundings.

- glucose molecules are oxidised by oxygen.

- AEROBIC RESPIRATION - involves the oxidation of glucose, wth the presence of oxygen, c02, water and energy.,

Difference between aerobik and anaerobic respiration

Aero : releases all the available energy stored within the glucose molecules.

Ana : Breaks down glucose when there is very lil or no more oxygen.

Aero : Organisms that go through Aero, is called AEROBIC ORGANISMS

Ana : Organisms that go through Ana, is called ANAEROBES.

Aero : occurs in mitochondria.

Ana : Occurs in cytoplasm

faktor2 imperialis barat ADA 5.

FAKTOR FAKTOR IMPERIALISME BARAT (5)

1. kaya dgn bahan mentah
2. sistem pengangkutan dan perhubungan
3. saingan kuasa kuasa barat.
4. Beban Orang Putih & tugas menyebarkan tamadun
5. revolusi perindustrian

1) their perindustrian makin pesat, in order to keep that, they have to mainain bahan mentah yang stable, and asia is kaya of bahan mentah. they also need a new kawasan pasaran. China India asia tenggara.

2) Penciptaan kapal berkuasa wap. more space to letak barang and mepercepatkan jalan barat dan timur. Then terusan Suez, mempercepatkan jalanan. pembinaan tersebut membuat perjalanan selamat dan minjimatkan kos perjalanan. penciptaan telegraf pun. senang untuk imperialis bagi arahan to pegawai2 mereka. ahli2 perniagaan pun sng for them to ckp to their wakils. ni semua buat perniagaan lagi mudah & pesat.

3) Persaingan kuasa2 barat. lagi luas tanah jajahan, lagi mereka disanjungi. dan juga melambangkan kekuatan dan kekuasaan.

4) lastly, sloogan beban orang putih kerapn digunakan oleh BB. british and belanda. mereka yeye je anggap they are the majuest of em all. rasa mreka taggungjawab tu buat orang timur sejahtera

perancis pun. igt tanggungjawab mereka to menyebarkan tamadun.

mubaligh kristian igt they bertanggungjawab to menyebarkan agama kristian.

AGAMA! CHAP 1. F5.

Khawarij.

- Khawarij ialah golongan yang menyokong Saidina Ali, menentang Muawiyah dan tak menerima Majlis Tahkim.

- But then, belot Saidina ali, cus beliau menerima Muawiyah dan menerma majlis Tahkim

Iktikad khawarij ; -

- Menganggap siapa yang dah buat dosa besar kafir.

- Mengkafir kan dan menghalalkan (tis one not sure i think the book salah) darah umat islam yang berbeza iktikad dgn mereka.

- Membataskan sumber syariat hanya kepada Al-Quran shj.

Langkah2 to not be sesat

-Refer to kitab Ahli As-sunnah Wal Jamaah, they have asaid kukuh dapat membezakan antara yang benar dah salah.

- memastikan belajar daripada guru yang diikirafkan dalam bidang akidah

- Menjauhkan diri daripada orang yang boleh membawa dalam kesesatan. Ehe remember that'

Pebezaan antara ; -

- muslim : orang islam

- mukmin : orang yang beriman kpd Allah.

- Kafir : orang yang mengingkari salah satu prinsip akidah yang dah dijelaskan @ Al-Quran dan As-sunnah

-Fasik : tak taat kpd Allah swt dah RasulNya, buat dosa besar then kecil everday

- Murtad : org keluar islam

- Munafik : orang ang menzahirkan keimanan dan myembunyyyikan kekufuran dlm hati.

- Musyrik : menyekutukan Allah swt.

-Mulhid : ha org yg xde agama.

Uh, hi.

8 MORE MONTHS TO FREEEEDOMMSAMSASMANADMCNAS,CM A,SMAS,NCM,AS.

UH.. ITS KIND OF LAMA LAGI BUT.

BUT BUT BUT

THAT MEANS

IVE STILLLL TIME TO BUCK UP EVERYTHING AND ALL.

INSYAALLAH.

BYE

HUAHEUHSUEHauehUAE

lol i'm still sane.

TENDONS & SKELETAL MUSCLES.

• Tendons are tough, inelastic strands of dense connective tissues
• tendons = connective tissue.
• connect skeletal muscles to the bones.

• Skeletal muscle = responsible for the voluntary movements of the body.
• they arent attached directly to the bones.
• attached to ATLEAST 2 bones across JOINTS through the TENDONS.
• nak type lagi la just to remeber it clearly.
• i hope i ingat tho.
• hm
• they arent attached directly, they are attached to atleast 2 bones, across joints, through tendons.
• Agaaaain! SKELETOL MASUCLES ARENT ATTACHED DIRECTLY TO THE BONES> HEY ARE ATLAST CONNECTED TO TWO BONES AND ACROSS JOINTS.. THROUGH TENDONS. TENDONS CONNECT SKELETAL MUSCLES TO THE BONES. REMEMBER THAT PEACH.
• bones that have muscles attached to it acts as LEVERS. levers. levers.
• SM produce movement by.. act force to pull the tendons. FORCE TO PULL THE TENDONS. TO PULL THE TENDONS ATTACHED TO THE BONES.
• Antogonic muscles are involved. One muscle contract, one muscle relaxes.
• in detail, a pair of muscles, work together to allow coordinated movements of the joints.
• one muscle pulls the bone in one direction, one in the opposite direction.
• PURFECT examples are biceps and triceps.
• bicep is the flexor.

STRUCTURE OF A JOINT

• Ligaments are elastic ( connective tissue)
• allow bones to move, without having any dislocation.
• one of em is synovial joint.
• has cartilage as cushions.
• the synovial membrane secretes fluid unti synovial cavity.
• the fluid acts as lubricant, to reduce friction between the ends of the bones
• end surface, are covered with cartilage. as as a cushions. absorb shock and reduce friction between the ends of the bones. prevent the bone to be beary.
• heh please ingat. please.

• HINGE JOINTS. BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS.
• hinge, elbow, knee, fingers.
• Ball, shoulder, and femur and pelvic girdle.

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

• PECTORAL GIRDLE - kiri kanan ada. clavicle and scapula.

clavicle it slender. s shaped. placed horizontally above first rib.

Scapula is flat and large. triangular. posterior of the thorax.

• FORELIMB - humerus <- largest and stongest bone in the forelimb. ulna % radius bawah dia
• Carpals - 8 bones (carpus) (wristt),metacarpals ( palm ) (5bones) (metacarpus) , Phalanges. bones of the fingers. each hand has 14 phalanges.

• HIND LIMB - femur (strongest bone in the body) , patella (connects) , fibula (the nipis one, fibre? , tibia (tebal), tarsus. TARSALS. METATARSALS. phalanges.
• PELVIC GIRDLE - remember PUBIC SYMPHYSIS.

*just to test out my memory. mm. Axial skeleton - skull, vetrbral collum, ribs, sternum.

CONTINUATION ON WHAT I'VE STUDIED YESTERDAY, LOCOMOTION.

THE VERTEBRAE.

• Spinal cord goes through the vertebral foramen.
• A typical vertebrae - (imagine it! bentuk macam kerbau) yang 'telinga' tu, is called TRANVERSE PROCESS. Then yang macam tanduk tu is called, SPINOUS PROCESS. Tengah2 lubang yang ada satu 'mata' tu, verebrae foramen. Yang tengah2 part bawah tu, is called, centrum.

• Cervical Vertebrae (neck) -dia lagi kecik. and ada dua foramen. yang ada dua tu macam biasalah, start with transverse. so yang lubang kecik cenonet tu, ada dua tu, transverse foramen. and the spinous process bawah sikit. Centrum ada bawah. ok i think its easy to remember this. BETTER REMEMBER.
• All cervical vertebrae has transverse vertebrae.
• INGAT TAU. CERVICAL JEEE ADA TRANSVERSE VERTEBRAE INGAT TAUUU!
• dum dum dum. ATLAS.. AXIS.
• first one yang dekat cervical vertebrae, it atlas in other words. PALING ATAS! so. atlas atas sekali
• 2nd one, is axis.
• dua tu je yang lain sikit than the other cervicals.
• AXIS, ada odontoid process.

Thoracic vertebrae -

• yang tulang paling panjang tu is thoracic.
• got spinous process. its long and directed downwards.
• transverse and spinous process, serve as a point of attachment FOR ... MUSCLES AND LIGAMENTS.

Lumbar vertebrae -

• LARGEST and STRONGEST vertebrae. Heh ~ hambar.
• SHORT AND THICK.
• LARGE CENTRUMS
• WHAT DOES IT DO? - BEAR THE WEIGHT OF THE LOWERBACK.

Sacrum -

• triangular bone.
• Formend through the fusion of 5 bones.

Coccyx -

• fusion of four bones.

Conclusion : The more I spend less time on the books or try to study, the more restless I get.

Therefore, NO MORE WASTING TIME.